wacker process การใช้

• This industrial route was dominant prior to the Wacker process.
• The wet oxidation process was used before the Wacker process was commercially established.
• Similarly, the Wacker process is used in the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde.
• Further complicating the Wacker process mechanism is questions about the role of copper chloride.
• A similar palladium cycle but with different scenes and actors is observed in the Wacker process.
• Another key step in the Wacker process is the migration of the hydrogen from oxygen to chloride and formation of the C-O double bond.
• Most mechanistic studies on the Wacker process have focused on identifying whether nucleophilic attack occurred via an external ( anti-addition ) pathway or via an internal ( syn-addition ) pathway.
• However, these studies too are disputed since allyl-alcohols may be sensitive to isomerization reactions, and different stereoisomers may be formed from those reactions and not from the standard Wacker process.
• While these works complicate the picture of the Wacker process mechanism, one should probably infer that this and related chemistry can be sensitive to reaction conditions, and multiple different reaction pathways may be in play.
• Another oxidation route significant in industry is the Wacker process, whereby ethylene is oxidized to acetaldehyde in the presence of copper and palladium catalysts ( acetaldehyde is also produced on a large scale by the hydration of acetylene ).
• Later, stereochemical studies by Stille and coworkers yielded chemical products that indicated the Wacker process proceeds via anti-addition; however, since these experiments were run under conditions significantly different from industrial Wacker process conditions, the conclusions were disputed.
• Later, stereochemical studies by Stille and coworkers yielded chemical products that indicated the Wacker process proceeds via anti-addition; however, since these experiments were run under conditions significantly different from industrial Wacker process conditions, the conclusions were disputed.
• The published results of these two independent stereochemical studies were accepted by the chemistry community as proof that the standard reaction process occurs via an anti-addition step, and many reference texts have not renewed their presentation of the Wacker process mechanism since this point.